Over-the-counter and prescription lotions and shampoos (pediculicides) are reasonably effective. Resistance to these pediculicides is growing, making it increasingly difficult to clear up infections. Disinfect bed clothing, combs, brushes, hats and other personal hygiene items (typically wash in hot, soapy water) to prevent reinfestation. Do this the same time the affected person is treated.

Examples of medications used include:

• Lindane (available by prescription only)
• Nix (available over-the-counter)
• Rid (available over-the-counter)

Remember that these medications are (in reality) insecticides, and should be used exactly as directed and no more frequently than recommended in the package insert. New products are available that loosen the bond between the nit (egg sack) and the hair shaft so that the nits can be easily removed (only to be used with one of the pediculicides). Remove nits with a nit comb. Removal of all nits may prevent reinfection if the medication fails to kill all of the eggs.

Lice are usually killed with treatment. Reinfestation is possible, and if the source of the infestation is not corrected (for example a classroom with many infected children), the reinfestation is probable.

Some people will develop a secondary skin infection from scratching.

Apply home treatment and call your health-care provider if symptoms persist after treatment, or if you develop irritation from the medicine.